Решение задачи по идентификации мощности мгновенного источника загрязнения в модели переноса пассивной примеси по данным измерений возможно несколькими вариационными подходами. Один из них – это алгоритм, основанный на вариационных принципах и решении сопряженных задач, а в данном случае возможно применение другого упрощенного алгоритма основанного на методе линеаризации. Отметим, что  свойства применяемых при этом алгоритмов могут в значительной степени быть улучшены за счет выбора оптимальной схемы измерений, т.е. оптимальных планов.  С математической точки зрения, под оптимальным планом понимается набор точек измерений, распределенных по пространству и времени, дающий лучшую обусловленность решаемой задачи.

Using the example of a passive impurity transfer model, variation algorithms for identifying the power of an instantaneous source of pollution on the sea surface are considered. The solution to this problem is possible with several variation approaches. One of them is an algorithm based on variation principles and solving related problems, and in the case of a point instantaneous source, a simplified algorithm based on the linearization method can be used. It should be noted that the properties of the algorithms used in this case can be significantly improved by choosing the optimal measurement scheme, i.e. optimal plans. From a mathematical point of view, an optimal plan is understood as a set of measurement points distributed over space and time, which gives the best conditionality of the problem being solved. The Jacobi information matrix is constructed using solutions to a series of related problems. It is known that measurements of the concentration field, which are performed at the points of maximum values, lead to increased conditionality of the problem being solved and faster convergence of the iterative process. The algorithm for constructing the Fischer information matrix is presented for the case of a three-dimensional model of passive impurity transport in the Sea of Azov. The effect of an instantaneous and permanent point source of pollution is considered. The results can be used to solve various environmental problems in studying the effects of anthropogenic pollution sources in the waters of the Azov and Black Seas.