Organic additives for lubricants can intensify processes of decomposition and oxidation of the molecules of the lubricantsduring friction. These reactions often lead to formation of ecologically dangerous compounds and degradation of performance characteristics of a lubricant. The solution of ecological problems in the field of lubrication can be use of compatible with the base of lubricants inorganic compounds as additives. The data about application of lithium and sodiumphosphotungstates as multifunctional additives for Puma and Buksol railway grease arecited. Restructuringof lithium and sodiumphosphotungstatescyclic molecules to linear ones during friction are determined, these linear formsare more easily incorporated into the structure of surface oxide layer.Tribological tests have shown increasing antiwear properties, critical and seizure load for lubricant with phosphotungstate additives.Surface study of tribocoupling by FTIR spectroscopy has shown that in the presence of phosphotungstate lubricating film is preserved longer than in case origin lubricant. Presumably, it is caused by formation of secondary polymeric structures strongly fixed on sliding surface, which can include fragments of phosphotungstate network and molecules of lubricant.The ecological safety and biodegradation of the offered additives is proved.

В статье приведены данные о применении в качестве многофункциональных присадок фосфоровольфраматов лития и натрия к пластичным железнодорожным смазкам Пума и Буксол. Установлено строение соединений, методами квантово-химического анализа определены изменения структуры фосфоровольфраматов лития и натрия в процессе трения. Проведенные трибологические испытания и исследования поверхности трибосопряжения показали высокую эффективность использования данных соединений в качестве присадок к смазочным материалам. Доказана экологическая безопасность и биоразлагаемость предлагаемых присадок.